Galon J, Bruni D. Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019;18:197–218.
Galon J, Costes A, Sanchez-Cabo F, Kirilovsky A, Mlecnik B, Lagorce-Pages C, et al. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science. 2006;313:1960–4.
Baessler A, Vignali DAA. T-cell exhaustion. Annu Rev Immunol. 2024;42:179–206.
MacFawn IP, Magnon G, Gorecki G, Kunning S, Rashid R, Kaiza ME, et al. The activity of tertiary lymphoid structures in high grade serous ovarian cancer is governed by site, stroma, and cellular interactions. Cancer Cell. 2024;42:1864–81.e5.
Schumacher TN, Thommen DS. Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer. Science. 2022;375:eabf9419.
Sharma P, Goswami S, Raychaudhuri D, Siddiqui BA, Singh P, Nagarajan A, et al. Immune checkpoint therapy-current perspectives and future directions. Cell. 2023;186:1652–69.
Gutierrez-Melo N, Baumjohann D. T follicular helper cells in cancer. Trends Cancer. 2023;9:309–25.
Meylan M, Petitprez F, Becht E, Bougouin A, Pupier G, Calvez A, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures generate and propagate anti-tumor antibody-producing plasma cells in renal cell cancer. Immunity. 2022;55:527–41.e5.
Iglesia MD, Parker JS, Hoadley KA, Serody JS, Perou CM, Vincent BG. Genomic analysis of immune cell infiltrates across 11 tumor types. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108:djw144.
Jacquelot N, Tellier J, Nutt SL, Belz GT. Tertiary lymphoid structures and B lymphocytes in cancer prognosis and response to immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology. 2021;10:1900508.
Shalapour S, Font-Burgada J, Di Caro G, Zhong Z, Sanchez-Lopez E, Dhar D, et al. Immunosuppressive plasma cells impede T-cell-dependent immunogenic chemotherapy. Nature. 2015;521:94–8.
Shalapour S, Lin XJ, Bastian IN, Brain J, Burt AD, Aksenov AA, et al. Inflammation-induced IgA+ cells dismantle anti-liver cancer immunity. Nature. 2017;551:340–5.
Sharonov GV, Serebrovskaya EO, Yuzhakova DV, Britanova OV, Chudakov DM. B cells, plasma cells and antibody repertoires in the tumor microenvironment. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20:294–307.
Welinder C, Jirstrom K, Lehn S, Nodin B, Marko-Varga G, Blixt O, et al. Intratumour IgA1 is common in cancer and is correlated with poor prognosis in bladder cancer. Heliyon. 2016;2:e00143.
Fitzsimons E, Qian D, Enica A, Thakkar K, Augustine M, Gamble S, et al. A pancancer single-cell RNA-seq atlas of intratumoral B cells. Cancer Cell. 2024;42:1784–97.e4.
Ma J, Wu Y, Ma L, Yang X, Zhang T, Song G, et al. A blueprint for tumor-infiltrating B cells across human cancers. Science. 2024;384:eadj4857.
Yang Y, Chen X, Pan J, Ning H, Zhang Y, Bo Y, et al. Pan-cancer single-cell dissection reveals phenotypically distinct B cell subtypes. Cell. 2024;187:4790–811.e22.
Hardy RR, Kincade PW, Dorshkind K. The protean nature of cells in the B lymphocyte lineage. Immunity. 2007;26:703–14.
Allman D, Pillai S. Peripheral B-cell subsets. Curr Opin Immunol. 2008;20:149–57.
Nutt SL, Hodgkin PD, Tarlinton DM, Corcoran LM. The generation of antibody-secreting plasma cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15:160–71.
Inoue T, Kurosaki T. Memory B cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2024;24:5–17.
Hao Y, O’Neill P, Naradikian MS, Scholz JL, Cancro MP. A B-cell subset uniquely responsive to innate stimuli accumulates in aged mice. Blood. 2011;118:1294–304.
Rubtsov AV, Rubtsova K, Fischer A, Meehan RT, Gillis JZ, Kappler JW, et al. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-driven accumulation of a novel CD11c(+) B-cell population is important for the development of autoimmunity. Blood. 2011;118:1305–15.
Cancro MP. Age-associated B cells. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38:315–40.
Dai D, Gu S, Han X, Ding H, Jiang Y, Zhang X, et al. The transcription factor ZEB2 drives the formation of age-associated B cells. Science. 2024;383:413–21.
Gao X, Shen Q, Roco JA, Dalton B, Frith K, Munier CML, et al. Zeb2 drives the formation of CD11c(+) atypical B cells to sustain germinal centers that control persistent infection. Sci Immunol. 2024;9:eadj4748.
Landsverk OJ, Snir O, Casado RB, Richter L, Mold JE, Reu P, et al. Antibody-secreting plasma cells persist for decades in human intestine. J Exp Med. 2017;214:309–17.
Tellier J, Tarasova I, Nie J, Smillie CS, Fedele PL, Cao WHJ, et al. Unraveling the diversity and functions of tissue-resident plasma cells. Nat Immunol. 2024;25:330–42.
Flippot R, Teixeira M, Rey-Cardenas M, Carril-Ajuria L, Rainho L, Naoun N, et al. B cells and the coordination of immune checkpoint inhibitor response in patients with solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer. 2024;12:e008636.
Fridman WH, Meylan M, Pupier G, Calvez A, Hernandez I, Sautes-Fridman C. Tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells: an intratumoral immunity cycle. Immunity. 2023;56:2254–69.
Garaud S, Buisseret L, Solinas C, Gu-Trantien C, de Wind A, Van den Eynden G, et al. Tumor infiltrating B cells signal functional humoral immune responses in breast cancer. JCI Insight. 2019;5:e129641.
Mahmoud SM, Lee AH, Paish EC, Macmillan RD, Ellis IO, Green AR. The prognostic significance of B lymphocytes in invasive carcinoma of the breast. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;132:545–53.
Song IH, Heo SH, Bang WS, Park HS, Park IA, Kim YA, et al. Predictive value of tertiary lymphoid structures assessed by high endothelial venule counts in the neoadjuvant setting of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res Treat. 2017;49:399–407.
Garnelo M, Tan A, Her Z, Yeong J, Lim CJ, Chen J, et al. Interaction between tumor-infiltrating B cells and T cells controls the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut. 2017;66:342–51.
Shi JY, Gao Q, Wang ZC, Zhou J, Wang XY, Min ZH, et al. Margin-infiltrating CD20(+) B cells display an atypical memory phenotype and correlate with favorable prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:5994–6005.
Jiang Q, Fu Q, Chang Y, Liu Z, Zhang J, Xu L, et al. CD19(+) tumor-infiltrating B cells prime CD4(+) T-cell immunity and predict platinum-based chemotherapy efficacy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2019;68:45–56.
Sameshima J, Chen H, Kaneko N, Yan L, Yokomizo S, Sueyoshi T, et al. Tumor-infiltrating B cells produce tumor-specific antibodies and may contribute to suppressing tumor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology. 2025;14:2543019.
Petitprez F, de Reynies A, Keung EZ, Chen TW, Sun CM, Calderaro J, et al. B cells are associated with survival and immunotherapy response in sarcoma. Nature. 2020;577:556–60.
Cabrita R, Lauss M, Sanna A, Donia M, Skaarup Larsen M, Mitra S, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures improve immunotherapy and survival in melanoma. Nature. 2020;577:561–5.
Griss J, Bauer W, Wagner C, Simon M, Chen M, Grabmeier-Pfistershammer K, et al. B cells sustain inflammation and predict response to immune checkpoint blockade in human melanoma. Nat Commun. 2019;10:4186.
Helmink BA, Reddy SM, Gao J, Zhang S, Basar R, Thakur R, et al. B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature. 2020;577:549–55.
Zinovkin DA, Kose SY, Nadyrov EA, Achinovich SL, Los DM, Gavrilenko TE, et al. Potential role of tumor-infiltrating T-, B-lymphocytes, tumor-associated macrophages and IgA-secreting plasma cells in long-term survival in the rectal adenocarcinoma patients. Life Sci. 2021;286:120052.
Fristedt R, Borg D, Hedner C, Berntsson J, Nodin B, Eberhard J, et al. Prognostic impact of tumor-associated B cells and plasma cells in esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2016;7:848–59.
Knief J, Reddemann K, Petrova E, Herhahn T, Wellner U, Thorns C. High density of tumor-infiltrating B-lymphocytes and plasma cells signifies prolonged overall survival in adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Anticancer Res. 2016;36:5339–45.
Lohr M, Edlund K, Botling J, Hammad S, Hellwig B, Othman A, et al. The prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating plasma cells and immunoglobulin kappa C indicates an important role of the humoral immune response in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett. 2013;333:222–8.
Patil NS, Nabet BY, Muller S, Koeppen H, Zou W, Giltnane J, et al. Intratumoral plasma cells predict outcomes to PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell. 2022;40:289–300.e4.
Mohammed ZM, Going JJ, Edwards J, Elsberger B, McMillan DC. The relationship between lymphocyte subsets and clinico-pathological determinants of survival in patients with primary operable invasive ductal breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 2013;109:1676–84.
Miyatani K, Saito H, Murakami Y, Watanabe J, Kuroda H, Matsunaga T, et al. A high number of IgG4-positive cells in gastric cancer tissue is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Virchows Arch. 2016;468:549–57.
Liu Q, Niu Z, Li Y, Wang M, Pan B, Lu Z, et al. Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cell infiltration is associated with the clinicopathologic traits and prognosis of pancreatic cancer after curative resection. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2016;65:931–40.
Lundgren S, Berntsson J, Nodin B, Micke P, Jirstrom K. Prognostic impact of tumor-associated B cells and plasma cells in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res. 2016;9:21.
Bosisio FM, Wilmott JS, Volders N, Mercier M, Wouters J, Stas M, et al. Plasma cells in primary melanoma. Prognostic significance and possible role of IgA. Mod Pathol. 2016;29:347–58.
Verma R, Kumar L. Plasma cells in the melanoma tumor microenvironment-mechanistic roles for IgA. Front Immunol. 2020;11:979.
Pabst O, Slack E. IgA and the intestinal microbiota: the importance of being specific. Mucosal Immunol. 2020;13:12–21.
Biswas S, Mandal G, Anadon CM, Chaurio RA, Lopez-Bailon LU, Nagy MZ, et al. Targeting intracellular oncoproteins with dimeric IgA promotes expulsion from the cytoplasm and immune-mediated control of epithelial cancers. Immunity. 2023;56:2570–83.e6.
Biswas S, Mandal G, Payne KK, Anadon CM, Gatenbee CD, Chaurio RA, et al. IgA transcytosis and antigen recognition govern ovarian cancer immunity. Nature. 2021;591:464–70.
Kim MS, Kim TS. IgA+ plasma cells in murine intestinal lamina propria as a positive regulator of Treg differentiation. J Leukoc Biol. 2014;95:461–9.
Bolotin DA, Poslavsky S, Davydov AN, Frenkel FE, Fanchi L, Zolotareva OI, et al. Antigen receptor repertoire profiling from RNA-seq data. Nat Biotechnol. 2017;35:908–11.
Myers RC, King RG, Carter RH, Justement LB. Lymphotoxin alpha1beta2 expression on B cells is required for follicular dendritic cell activation during the germinal center response. Eur J Immunol. 2013;43:348–59.
Fernandes MT, Dejardin E, dos Santos NR. Context-dependent roles for lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling in cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2016;1865:204–19.
Legler DF, Loetscher M, Roos RS, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Moser B. B-cell-attracting chemokine 1, a human CXC chemokine expressed in lymphoid tissues, selectively attracts B lymphocytes via BLR1/CXCR5. J Exp Med. 1998;187:655–60.
Tang H, Zhu M, Qiao J, Fu YX. Lymphotoxin signaling in tertiary lymphoid structures and immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol. 2017;14:809–18.
Johansson-Percival A, Ganss R. Therapeutic induction of tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer through stromal remodeling. Front Immunol. 2021;12:674375.
Hao, Han D, Sinjab G, Gomez-Bolanos LI A, Lazcano R, Serrano A, et al. The Single-cell immunogenomic landscape of B and plasma cells in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Discov. 2022;12:2626–45.
Hu J, Zhang L, Xia H, Yan Y, Zhu X, Sun F, et al. Tumor microenvironment remodeling after neoadjuvant immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Genome Med. 2023;15:14.
Belderbos RA, Corneth OBJ, Dumoulin D, Hendriks RW, Aerts J, Willemsen M. Atypical B cells (CD21-CD27-IgD-) correlate with lack of response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in NSCLC. Eur J Cancer. 2024;196:113428.
Centuori SM, Gomes CJ, Kim SS, Putnam CW, Larsen BT, Garland LL, et al. Double-negative (CD27(-)IgD(-)) B cells are expanded in NSCLC and inversely correlate with affinity-matured B-cell populations. J Transl Med. 2018;16:30.
Azizi A, Mehdipour F, Samadi M, Rasolmali R, Talei AR, Ghaderi A. Atypical memory B cells increase in the peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer regardless of lymph node involvement. BMC Immunol. 2024;25:25.
Nielsen JS, Sahota RA, Milne K, Kost SE, Nesslinger NJ, Watson PH, et al. CD20+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have an atypical CD27- memory phenotype and together with CD8+ T cells promote favorable prognosis in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2012;18:3281–92.
Michaud D, Steward CR, Mirlekar B, Pylayeva-Gupta Y. Regulatory B cells in cancer. Immunol Rev. 2021;299:74–92.
Lo Tartaro D, Aramini B, Masciale V, Paschalidis N, Lofaro FD, Neroni A, et al. Metabolically activated and highly polyfunctional intratumoral VISTA(+) regulatory B cells are associated with tumor recurrence in early-stage NSCLC. Mol Cancer. 2025;24:16.
Milardi G, Franceschini B, Camisaschi C, Puccio S, Costa G, Soldani C, et al. Immunosuppressive contribution of tumor-infiltrating B cells in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and their role in chemoimmunotherapy outcome. Gut. 2025;0:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2025-334861.
Matsumoto M, Baba A, Yokota T, Nishikawa H, Ohkawa Y, Kayama H, et al. Interleukin-10-producing plasmablasts exert regulatory function in autoimmune inflammation. Immunity. 2014;41:1040–51.
Shen P, Roch T, Lampropoulou V, O’Connor RA, Stervbo U, Hilgenberg E, et al. IL-35-producing B cells are critical regulators of immunity during autoimmune and infectious diseases. Nature. 2014;507:366–70.
Charoentong P, Finotello F, Angelova M, Mayer C, Efremova M, Rieder D, et al. Pancancer immunogenomic analyses reveal genotype-immunophenotype relationships and predictors of response to checkpoint blockade. Cell Rep. 2017;18:248–62.
Gentles AJ, Newman AM, Liu CL, Bratman SV, Feng W, Kim D, et al. The prognostic landscape of genes and infiltrating immune cells across human cancers. Nat Med. 2015;21:938–45.
Tang F, Li J, Qi L, Liu D, Bo Y, Qin S, et al. A pancancer single-cell panorama of human natural killer cells. Cell. 2023;186:4235–51.e20.
Chu Y, Dai E, Li Y, Han G, Pei G, Ingram DR, et al. Pancancer T-cell atlas links a cellular stress response state to immunotherapy resistance. Nat Med. 2023;29:1550–62.
Cui C, Wang J, Fagerberg E, Chen PM, Connolly KA, Damo M, et al. Neoantigen-driven B-cell and CD4 T follicular helper cell collaboration promotes anti-tumor CD8 T-cell responses. Cell. 2021;184:6101–18.e13.
Li Y, Bhargava R, Tran JT, Blane TR, Peng L, Luan F, et al. Blocking plasma cell fate enhances antigen-specific presentation by B cells to boost anti-tumor immunity. Nat Commun. 2025;16:4454.
Wieland A, Patel MR, Cardenas MA, Eberhardt CS, Hudson WH, Obeng RC, et al. Defining HPV-specific B-cell responses in patients with head and neck cancer. Nature. 2021;597:274–8.
Mazor RD, Nathan N, Gilboa A, Stoler-Barak L, Moss L, Solomonov I, et al. Tumor-reactive antibodies evolve from nonbinding and autoreactive precursors. Cell. 2022;185:1208–22.e21.
Gunderson AJ, Rajamanickam V, Bui C, Bernard B, Pucilowska J, Ballesteros-Merino C, et al. Germinal center reactions in tertiary lymphoid structures associate with neoantigen burden, humoral immunity and long-term survivorship in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology. 2021;10:1900635.
Da Gama Duarte J, Peyper JM, Blackburn JM. B cells and antibody production in melanoma. Mamm Genome. 2018;29:790–805.
Teillaud JL, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Tertiary lymphoid structures: an anti-tumor school for adaptive immune cells and an antibody factory to fight cancer? Front Immunol. 2017;8:830.
Zhong Z, Nan K, Weng M, Yue Y, Zhou W, Wang Z, et al. Pro- and anti-effects of immunoglobulin A-producing B-cell in tumors and its triggers. Front Immunol. 2021;12:765044.
Germain C, Gnjatic S, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Tertiary lymphoid structure-associated B cells are key players in anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol. 2015;6:67.
Zaenker P, Gray ES, Ziman MR. Autoantibody production in cancer-the humoral immune response toward autologous antigens in cancer patients. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15:477–83.
Lawrence MS, Stojanov P, Polak P, Kryukov GV, Cibulskis K, Sivachenko A, et al. Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer-associated genes. Nature. 2013;499:214–8.
Vigneron N, Stroobant V, Van den Eynde BJ, van der Bruggen P. Database of T-cell-defined human tumor antigens: the 2013 update. Cancer Immun. 2013;13:15.
Anderson KS, LaBaer J. The sentinel within: exploiting the immune system for cancer biomarkers. J Proteome Res. 2005;4:1123–33.
Tan EM, Zhang J. Autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens: reporters from the immune system. Immunol Rev. 2008;222:328–40.
Liu J, Fu M, Wang M, Wan D, Wei Y, Wei X. Cancer vaccines as promising immuno-therapeutics: platforms and current progress. J Hematol Oncol. 2022;15:28.
Xie N, Shen G, Gao W, Huang Z, Huang C, Fu L. Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8:9.
Da Gama Duarte J, Quigley LT, Young AR, Hayashi M, Miyazawa M, Lopata A, et al. Identification of tumor antigens in ovarian cancers using local and circulating tumor-specific antibodies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:11220.
Young AR, Duarte JDG, Coulson R, O’Brien M, Deb S, Lopata A, et al. Immunoprofiling of breast cancer antigens using antibodies derived from local lymph nodes. Cancers. 2019;11:682.
Aizik L, Dror Y, Taussig D, Barzel A, Carmi Y, Wine Y. Antibody repertoire analysis of tumor-infiltrating B cells reveals distinct signatures and distributions across tissues. Front Immunol. 2021;12:705381.
Germain C, Gnjatic S, Tamzalit F, Knockaert S, Remark R, Goc J, et al. Presence of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures is associated with a protective immunity in patients with lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;189:832–44.
Laumont CM, Banville AC, Gilardi M, Hollern DP, Nelson BH. Tumor-infiltrating B cells: immunological mechanisms, clinical impact and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer. 2022;22:414–30.
Tighe PJ, Ryder RR, Todd I, Fairclough LC. ELISA in the multiplex era: potentials and pitfalls. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2015;9:406–22.
Duarte JG, Blackburn JM. Advances in the development of human protein microarrays. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2017;14:627–41.
Ren AH, Diamandis EP, Kulasingam V. Uncovering the depths of the human proteome: antibody-based technologies for ultrasensitive multiplexed protein detection and quantification. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2021;20:100155.
Fu Q, Schoenhoff FS, Savage WJ, Zhang P, Van Eyk JE. Multiplex assays for biomarker research and clinical application: translational science coming of age. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2010;4:271–84.
Ferdous S, Kelm S, Baker TS, Shi J, Martin ACR. B-cell epitopes: discontinuity and conformational analysis. Mol Immunol. 2019;114:643–50.
Hanash SM, Pitteri SJ, Faca VM. Mining the plasma proteome for cancer biomarkers. Nature. 2008;452:571–9.
Dobbin KK, Cesano A, Alvarez J, Hawtin R, Janetzki S, Kirsch I, et al. Validation of biomarkers to predict response to immunotherapy in cancer: volume II—clinical validation and regulatory considerations. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4:77.
Masucci GV, Cesano A, Hawtin R, Janetzki S, Zhang J, Kirsch I, et al. Validation of biomarkers to predict response to immunotherapy in cancer: volume I—preanalytical and analytical validation. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4:76.
Da Gama Duarte J, Woods K, Quigley LT, Deceneux C, Tutuka C, Witkowski T, et al. Ropporin-1 and 1B are widely expressed in human melanoma and evoke strong humoral immune responses. Cancers. 2021;13:1805.
Uhlen M, Fagerberg L, Hallstrom BM, Lindskog C, Oksvold P, Mardinoglu A, et al. Proteomics. Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science. 2015;347:1260419.
Monroy-Iglesias MJ, Crescioli S, Beckmann K, Le N, Karagiannis SN, Van Hemelrijck M, et al. Antibodies as biomarkers for cancer risk: a systematic review. Clin Exp Immunol. 2022;209:46–63.
Li Y, Karjalainen A, Koskinen H, Hemminki K, Vainio H, Shnaidman M, et al. p53 autoantibodies predict subsequent development of cancer. Int J Cancer. 2005;114:157–60.
Lew JB, Feletto E, Wade S, Caruana M, Kang YJ, Nickson C, et al. Benefits, harms and cost-effectiveness of cancer screening in Australia: an overview of modeling estimates. Public Health Res Pract. 2019;29:29121913.
Zaenker P, Ziman MR. Serologic autoantibodies as diagnostic cancer biomarkers—a review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013;22:2161–81.
Sullivan FM, Mair FS, Anderson W, Armory P, Briggs A, Chew C, et al. Earlier diagnosis of lung cancer in a randomized trial of an autoantibody blood test followed by imaging. Eur Respir J. 2021;57:2000670.
Boyle P, Chapman CJ, Holdenrieder S, Murray A, Robertson C, Wood WC, et al. Clinical validation of an autoantibody test for lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2011;22:383–9.
Lam S, Boyle P, Healey GF, Maddison P, Peek L, Murray A, et al. EarlyCDT-Lung: an immunobiomarker test as an aid to early detection of lung cancer. Cancer Prev Res. 2011;4:1126–34.
Murray A, Chapman CJ, Healey G, Peek LJ, Parsons G, Baldwin D, et al. Technical validation of an autoantibody test for lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 2010;21:1687–93.
Chapman CJ, Healey GF, Murray A, Boyle P, Robertson C, Peek LJ, et al. EarlyCDT(R)-Lung test: improved clinical utility through additional autoantibody assays. Tumor Biol. 2012;33:1319–26.
Jett JR, Peek LJ, Fredericks L, Jewell W, Pingleton WW, Robertson JF. Audit of the autoantibody test, EarlyCDT(R)-lung, in 1600 patients: an evaluation of its performance in routine clinical practice. Lung Cancer. 2014;83:51–5.
Yadav S, Kashaninejad N, Masud MK, Yamauchi Y, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Autoantibodies as diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker: detection techniques and approaches. Biosens Bioelectron. 2019;139:111315.
Sexauer D, Gray E, Zaenker P. Tumor- associated autoantibodies as prognostic cancer biomarkers—a review. Autoimmun Rev. 2022;21:103041.
Casiano CA, Mediavilla-Varela M, Tan EM. Tumor-associated antigen arrays for the serological diagnosis of cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006;5:1745–59.
Gure AO, Chua R, Williamson B, Gonen M, Ferrera CA, Gnjatic S, et al. Cancer-testis genes are coordinately expressed and are markers of poor outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11:8055–62.
Jager E, Stockert E, Zidianakis Z, Chen YT, Karbach J, Jager D, et al. Humoral immune responses of cancer patients against “Cancer-Testis” antigen NY-ESO-1: correlation with clinical events. Int J Cancer. 1999;84:506–10.
Zitvogel L, Perreault C, Finn OJ, Kroemer G. Beneficial autoimmunity improves cancer prognosis. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021;18:591–602.
Chen DS, Mellman I. Elements of cancer immunity and the cancer-immune set point. Nature. 2017;541:321–30.
Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:158–68.
Yuan J, Hegde PS, Clynes R, Foukas PG, Harari A, Kleen TO, et al. Novel technologies and emerging biomarkers for personalized cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2016;4:3.
Hassel JC, Luke JJ. Autoantibodies as predictors for clinical outcome and toxicity for immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28:3914–6.
Derbala MH, Hajjar J, Stephen B, Gurses SA, Kwiatkowski E, Budde P, et al. Autoantibody profiling to predict response to the anti-PD-1 therapy, pembrolizumab, in rare tumors. ESMO Open. 2025;10:105518.
Shen L, Brown JR, Johnston SA, Altan M, Sykes KF. Predicting response and toxicity to immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer using antibodies to frameshift neoantigens. J Transl Med. 2023;21:338.
Cebon JS, Gore M, Thompson JF, Davis ID, McArthur GA, Walpole E, et al. Results of a randomized, double-blind phase II clinical trial of NY-ESO-1 vaccine with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant versus ISCOMATRIX alone in participants with high-risk resected melanoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2020;8:e000410.
de Moel EC, Rozeman EA, Kapiteijn EH, Verdegaal EME, Grummels A, Bakker JA, et al. Autoantibody development under treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer Immunol Res. 2019;7:6–11.
Yuen GJ, Demissie E, Pillai S. B lymphocytes and cancer: a love-hate relationship. Trends Cancer. 2016;2:747–57.
Da Gama Duarte J, Parakh S, Andrews MC, Woods K, Pasam A, Tutuka C, et al. Autoantibodies may predict immune-related toxicity: results from a phase I study of intralesional Bacillus Calmette-Guerin followed by ipilimumab in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. Front Immunol. 2018;9:411.
Tahir SA, Gao J, Miura Y, Blando J, Tidwell RSS, Zhao H, et al. Autoimmune antibodies correlate with immune checkpoint therapy-induced toxicities. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116:22246–51.
Lee DSW, Rojas OL, Gommerman JL. B-cell depletion therapies in autoimmune disease: advances and mechanistic insights. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2021;20:179–99.
Salles G, Barrett M, Foa R, Maurer J, O’Brien S, Valente N, et al. Rituximab in B-cell hematologic malignancies: a review of 20 years of clinical experience. Adv Ther. 2017;34:2232–73.
McVey JC, Beatty GL. Facts and hopes of CD40 agonists in cancer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2025;31:2079–87.
Kaur A, Baldwin J, Brar D, Salunke DB, Petrovsky N. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists as a driving force behind next-generation vaccine adjuvants and cancer therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2022;70:102172.
Gupta SL, Khan N, Basu S, Soni V. B-cell-based immunotherapy: a promising new alternative. Vaccines. 2022;10:879.
Kubuschok B, Pfreundschuh M, Breit R, Hartmann F, Sester M, Gartner B, et al. Mutated Ras-transfected, EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines as a model tumor vaccine for boosting T-cell responses against pancreatic cancer: a pilot trial. Hum Gene Ther. 2012;23:1224–36.
Hansen JE, Chan G, Liu Y, Hegan DC, Dalal S, Dray E, et al. Targeting cancer with a lupus autoantibody. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4:157ra42.
Ammirante M, Luo JL, Grivennikov S, Nedospasov S, Karin M. B-cell-derived lymphotoxin promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer. Nature. 2010;464:302–5.
Zhang Y, Morgan R, Chen C, Cai Y, Clark E, Khan WN, et al. Mammary-tumor-educated B cells acquire LAP/TGF-beta and PD-L1 expression and suppress anti-tumor immune responses. Int Immunol. 2016;28:423–33.
Quigley LT, Pang L, Tavancheh E, Ernst M, Behren A, Huynh J, et al. Protocol for investigating tertiary lymphoid structures in human and murine fixed tissue sections using Opal-TSA multiplex immunohistochemistry. STAR Protoc. 2023;4:101961.


















Leave a Reply